The mechanical evaluation of PLA/corn cob composite shows that incorporating corn cob into PLA can enhance PLA properties. As the developed PLA composite was proposed to be used for artificial implants, a finite element model for a hip joint, as a case study, was built and fed with the extracted PLA-CC properties from the experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed composite in a real case. Evaluating the generated stresses due to loading can identify the load-carrying capacity of the material. Kuminek et al. [39] claimed that the decrease in the generated contact stresses is evidence of improvement in the load-carrying capacity. Consequently, the stresses generated on the surfaces of the acetabular linear during loading, human weight, were deduced using ANSYS, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13. The main boundary conditions that were illustrated in the finite element analysis subsection are illustrated in Figure 11. Furthermore, the stresses generated on the surfaces of the acetabular liner for PLA-CC0, PLA-CC10, and PLA-CC20 are shown in the same figure. The finite element results showed a decrease in the different induced stresses due to adding corn cob filler up to 10 wt.%, as shown in Figure 13. Increasing the corn cob weight fraction above the 10 wt.% increased the induced stresses. The finite element results reflect the change in the mechanical properties that were extracted experimentally. Furthermore, the finite element results prove that 10 wt.% is the optimal weight fraction that can be used with the PLA as it has the best load-carrying capacity. In addition, the maximum generated stress due to loading for 10 wt.% corn cob is 33.11 MPa, less than the ultimate strength of PLA-CC10 by 40%. Such results encourage using the newly developed PLA-CC10 in artificial implants.
As mentioned before, many implants have motion between their elements which causes wear of the implant parts. Consequently, the effect of corn cob weight fraction on the tribological properties of the PLA composites was investigated. Studying the tribological properties of any material is conducted by exploring the friction coefficient of the material and the specific wear rate [40]. The PLA-CC composites were rubbed under a normal applied load between 5 to 20 N against a stainless-steel counterpart. The friction coefficient average was estimated, as shown in Figure 14.
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The load-carrying capacity was evaluated using finite element analysis for a hip joint as a case study and for the frictional process. In both models, corn cob decreased the contact stresses, reflecting the improvement in the load-carrying capacity. 2ff7e9595c
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